The Chronicle Review (from The Chronicle of Higher Education) brought together a group of philosophers and neuroscientists to discuss the nature and even the possibility of free will in the new reality of brain processes beyond our control.
This post is timely considering the recent publication of Sam Harris's new book, Free Will - an attack (the article calls it a polemic) on the notion that we have control of our individual thoughts and actions - and Michael S. Gazzaniga's Who's In Charge? Free Will and the Science of the Brain - a cogent argument against positions, such as the Harris presents, that our lives are wholly determined by physical processes and we are therefore not responsible for our actions.
What Harris lacks in academic reputation he more than makes up for in cultural popularity, but Gazzaniga is a heavyweight in the world of neuroscience. Harris is likely to win the popular argument, but I'm betting on Gazzaniga to offer the more nuanced and complete perspective. I look forward to reading each of these books.
Is Free Will an Illusion?
Free will has long been a fraught concept among philosophers and theologians. Now neuroscience is entering the fray.
For centuries, the idea that we are the authors of our own actions, beliefs, and desires has remained central to our sense of self. We choose whom to love, what thoughts to think, which impulses to resist. Or do we?
Neuroscience suggests something else. We are biochemical puppets, swayed by forces beyond our conscious control. So says Sam Harris, author of the new book, Free Will (Simon & Schuster), a broadside against the notion that we are in control of our own thoughts and actions. Harris's polemic arrives on the heels of Michael S. Gazzaniga's Who's In Charge? Free Will and the Science of the Brain (HarperCollins), and David Eagleman's Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain (Pantheon), both provocative forays into a debate that has in recent months spilled out onto op-ed and magazine pages, and countless blogs.
What's at stake? Just about everything: morality, law, religion, our understanding of accountability and personal accomplishment, even what it means to be human. Harris predicts that a declaration by the scientific community that free will is an illusion would set off "a culture war far more belligerent than the one that has been waged on the subject of evolution."
The Chronicle Review brought together some key thinkers to discuss what science can and cannot tell us about free will, and where our conclusions might take us.
You Don't Have Free Will - Jerry A. Coyne
The Case Against the Case Against Free Will - Alfred R. Mele
Free Will Is an Illusion, but You're Still Responsible for Your Actions - Michael S. Gazzaniga
Want to Understand Free Will? Don't Look to Neuroscience - Hilary Bok
The End of (Discussing) Free Will - Owen D. Jones
Free Will Does Not Exist. So What? - Paul Bloom
