Showing posts with label PLoS ONE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PLoS ONE. Show all posts

Saturday, July 19, 2014

PLOS Blogger Calls Out PLOS ONE Journal

This is an interesting story - a PLOS blogger offers a powerful critique of a high profile PLOS ONE article that is little more than junk science. John Grohol of Psych Central offers a nice overview of the situation, including some good observations around peer review standards and the editorial process.

Links:
It's good to see that Coyne is not so afraid of criticizing his publisher's mistakes that he kept quiet.

PLOS Blogger Calls Out PLOS ONE Journal — Huh?

By John M. Grohol, Psy.D.
July 15, 2014



We’re living in strange times.

You don’t have to look any further than this lengthy critique of a recent journal article.

The critique appears on a Public Library of Science (PLOS) blog called Mind the Brain penned by James Coyne, PhD. Coyne is a well-published and diverse researcher himself, so he knows bad research when he sees — or smells — it.

The journal article being critiqued?



Something that was published by PLOS itself in its premiere open-access journal, PLOS ONE.

I guess the disconnect for me is that there is literally thousands of words of critique expended here on this journal article. And not just by Coyne, but also by the anonymous Neurocritic. Coyne expends over 3,000 words in this blog entry alone, and another 1,500 words critiquing the press release alone on this study on his own blog. Coyne is both brilliant and extensive in his critique; his review is worth the read.

The article under critique is only 5,500 some odd words. So nearly as much writing has been put into bashing this poor-quality study than it took to actually write it. This isn’t the first time Coyne has written something that may be a little uncomfortable for his publishers.1

Don’t get me wrong — it is, in my opinion, a very poor study. It deserved never to have been published (something I suspect that at least 20 percent of modern psychological research deserves).

But it’s both odd and awesome to see a blogger calling out the problems of a study published by the blogger’s own publisher. Odd in the sense of, “Wait a minute… Isn’t there a better way to do this? Shouldn’t we be leveraging these brilliant bloggers earlier on in the process, instead of conducting extensive post-hoc analyses?”

In my opinion, it suggests a serious disconnect — and lack of serious review by PLOS ONE. After all, PLOS ONE does have editorial standards.

Wouldn’t it make more sense to employ such bloggers as reviewers in your system, to ensure junk science such as this study never sees the light of day?

We hope the publishers at PLOS are listening. Because the best way to stop bad science in its tracks is to refuse to publish it in the first place. As PLOS ONE becomes a repository of anything with “data” in it, it loses its impact and importance. And indeed, PLOS is apparently losing its impact factor, and new journal submissions appear to be down as well.

There’s got to be a better way. Perhaps PLOS ONE is simply not immune to the crap research being regularly published by some of the world’s most prestigious journals, ranging from Pediatrics to Science to the Lancet. Or perhaps this sort of episode demonstrates the fatal flaws in the current review system, where reviewers seemingly have little incentive to reject bad research.

Read the full critique: Neurobalm: the pseudo-neuroscience of couples therapy

Footnotes:
  1. He discontinued his blog — or his blog was discontinued for him — at Psychology Today over a dispute about the title of a blog entry he wrote. [↩]

Thursday, September 19, 2013

Curcumin Prevents Replication of Respiratory Virus; Caffeine Increases Anaerobic Performance in Cycling


Two new studies from PLoS ONE today, each one focusing on favorite substances of mine - curcumin and caffeine.

In the first one, researchers found curcumin (the yellow stuff in turmeric) to be as effective as pharmaceuticals in stopping the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a major cause of bronchitis, asthma, and severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. Not only that, it also inhibits the epithelial responses to RSV, including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Another use for one of my favorite spices.

In the other study, researchers gave caffeine (CAF) to recreationally trained male cyclists (5 mg.kg−1 body mass) and had them ride a 4000 m time trial. Turns out the caffeine increased mean power output and reduced the total time. Interestingly, in the CAF group, the anaerobic contribution during the 2200-, 2400-, and 2600-m intervals was significantly greater. However, the mean anaerobic and aerobic contributions were similar between conditions. There were also no significant differences between CAF and placebo for anaerobic work, aerobic work, or total work. Moreover, there was no difference for integrated electromyography, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion between the conditions. So it seems for cyclists, the performance increase from caffeine manifests in the middle of a 4000 m time trial.

Here are the titles, abstracts, citations, and such.

Curcumin Prevents Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and the Epithelial Responses to It in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells
Kazufumi Obata, Takashi Kojima, Tomoyuki Masaki, Tamaki Okabayashi, Shinichi Yokota, Satoshi Hirakawa, Kazuaki Nomura, Akira Takasawa, Masaki Murata, Satoshi Tanaka, Jun Fuchimoto, Nobuhiro Fujii, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Tetsuo Himi, Norimasa Sawada 

Abstract


The human nasal epithelium is the first line of defense during respiratory virus infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchitis, asthma and severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. We previously reported in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), the replication and budding of RSV and the epithelial responses, including release of proinflammatory cytokines and enhancement of the tight junctions, are in part regulated via an NF-κB pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of the NF-κB in HNECs infected with RSV. Curcumin prevented the replication and budding of RSV and the epithelial responses to it without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the upregulation of the epithelial barrier function caused by infection with RSV was enhanced by curcumin. Curcumin also has wide pharmacokinetic effects as an inhibitor of NF-κB, eIF-2α dephosphorylation, proteasome and COX2. RSV-infected HNECs were treated with the eIF-2α dephosphorylation blocker salubrinal and the proteasome inhibitor MG132, and inhibitors of COX1 and COX2. Treatment with salubrinal, MG132 and COX2 inhibitor, like curcumin, prevented the replication of RSV and the epithelial responses, and treatment with salubrinal and MG132 enhanced the upregulation of tight junction molecules induced by infection with RSV. These results suggest that curcumin can prevent the replication of RSV and the epithelial responses to it without cytotoxicity and may act as therapy for severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children caused by RSV infection.
Full Citation: 
Obata K, Kojima T, Masaki T, Okabayashi T, Yokota S, et al. (2013, Sep 18). Curcumin Prevents Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and the Epithelial Responses to It in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. PLoS ONE, 8(9): e70225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070225

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Caffeine Alters Anaerobic Distribution and Pacing during a 4000-m Cycling Time Trial
 
Ralmony de Alcantara Santos, Maria Augusta Peduti Dal Molin Kiss, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante, Carlos Rafaell Correia-Oliveira, Romulo Bertuzzi, David John Bishop, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva

Abstract


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion on pacing strategy and energy expenditure during a 4000-m cycling time-trial (TT). Eight recreationally-trained male cyclists volunteered and performed a maximal incremental test and a familiarization test on their first and second visits, respectively. On the third and fourth visits, the participants performed a 4000-m cycling TT after ingesting capsules containing either caffeine (5 mg.kg−1 of body weight, CAF) or cellulose (PLA). The tests were applied in a double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures, cross-over design. When compared to PLA, CAF ingestion increased mean power output [219.1±18.6 vs. 232.8±21.4 W; effect size (ES) = 0.60 (95% CI = 0.05 to 1.16), p = 0.034] and reduced the total time [419±13 vs. 409±12 s; ES = −0.71 (95% CI = −0.09 to −1.13), p = 0.026]. Furthermore, anaerobic contribution during the 2200-, 2400-, and 2600-m intervals was significantly greater in CAF than in PLA (p<0.05). However, the mean anaerobic [64.9±20.1 vs. 57.3±17.5 W] and aerobic [167.9±4.3 vs. 161.8±11.2 W] contributions were similar between conditions (p>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences between CAF and PLA for anaerobic work (26363±7361 vs. 23888±6795 J), aerobic work (68709±2118 vs. 67739±3912 J), or total work (95245±8593 vs. 91789±7709 J), respectively. There was no difference for integrated electromyography, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion between the conditions. These results suggest that caffeine increases the anaerobic contribution in the middle of the time trial, resulting in enhanced overall performance.
Full Citation: 
Santos RdA, Kiss MAPDM, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Correia-Oliveira CR, Bertuzzi R, et al. (2013, Sep 18). Caffeine Alters Anaerobic Distribution and Pacing during a 4000-m Cycling Time Trial. PLoS ONE, 8(9): e75399. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075399